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    • EconometricsTheory and application of econometric models
      • Time Series
        • Stationarity
          • Stationarity and Stationary Time Series
          • Random Walk Model and Stationarity
          • Autocorrelation function and Stationarity
          • Interpreting ACF and PACF plots
          • Dickey Fuller Test of Stationarity
          • ADF Test: Augmented Dickey Fuller Equation
          • Order of Integration of a time series
        • VAR and Cointegration
          • Vector Autoregression: VAR Model Specification
          • Cointegration: Meaning, Tests and Models
          • Vector Error Correction (VECM) and VAR: Theory
          • VECM Estimation and Interpretation
          • Impulse Response Functions after VAR and VECM
        • ARIMA Model Estimation and Model Selection
        • Seasonality and Seasonal-ARIMA models
      • Simultaneous Equation Models
        • Simultaneous Equation Bias
        • Identification: Rank and Order Conditions
        • Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) Estimation
        • Indirect Least Squares Estimation
        • 3SLS: Three-Stage Least Squares
        • Test of Endogeneity: Durbin-Wu-Hausman Test
        • Test of Overidentifying Restrictions: Sargan Test
      • Ordinary Least Squares
        • Ordinary Least Squares Estimation
        • Interpretation of Coefficients: OLS
        • Heteroscedasticity
          • Heteroscedasticity: Causes and Consequences
          • White Test for Heteroscedasticity
          • Breusch Pagan test for Heteroscedasticity
          • Goldfeld Quandt Test for Heteroscedasticity
          • Weighted Least Squares Estimation
        • Autocorrelation: Causes and Consequences
          • Durbin Watson Test for Autocorrelation
        • Multicollinearity: Detection and Solutions
      • Goodness of fit
        • R square and its drawback
        • Adjusted R Square and its application
        • Robust Standard Errors and OLS Standard Errors
        • Information Criteria (AIC/SIC) and Model Selection
        • Goodness-of-fit for Logit and Probit Models
        • VAR-VECM Goodness of fit
        • Ramsey’s RESET Test: Functional Form Misspecification
      • Panel Data
        • Panel Data: Meaning and Analysis Methods
        • Fixed Effects Model: LSDV Approach
        • Pooled OLS vs Fixed Effects Model: F-test
        • Random Effects Model: Assumptions and GLS Estimation
        • Lagrange Multiplier Test: testing for Random Effects
        • Wu-Hausman Test: Choosing between Fixed and Random Effects
      • Qualitative Response
        • Linear Probability Model (LPM): Meaning and Problems
        • Logit Model: Theory and Estimation
        • Probit Model: Theory and Estimation
      • Do it in Rstudio
        • OLS in Rstudio
        • Goodness of fit in Rstudio
        • ARIMA and SARIMA in Rstudio
        • VAR in R: Estimation, Goodness and IRFs
    • MicroeconomicsMicroeconomic Theory and Application
      • Consumer Behaviour
        • Cardinal Utility Analysis and Law of Diminishing Returns
        • Indifference Curves and Ordinal Utility Analysis
        • Demand, Income-Consumption and Engel Curves
        • Income and Substitution Effects: Hicks and Slutsky Methods
        • Revealed Preference Theory
        • Choice under Uncertainty and Risk
      • Theory of Costs, Production and Producer Equilibrium
        • Production
          • Law of Variable Proportions: Short-run production
          • Isoquants and Returns to Scale: Long-run Production
          • Production Function: Definition and Types
          • Cobb Douglas Production Function
          • Technical Progress and Economic Zone of Production
        • Costs
          • Short-run Costs: Total, Average and Marginal Costs
          • Producer Equilibrium: Isoquants, Isocost line and Expansion
          • Long-run Costs and Economies of Scale
        • Multi-product firms and simultaneous equilibrium
          • Production Possibility Curve (PPC)
          • Multi-product Firm and Production Contract Curve
          • Simultaneous Equilibrium of Consumers and Producers
      • Demand and Supply
        • Law of Demand and Supply
        • Types of Elasticity and their Measurement
        • Market Equilibrium, Shifts and Role of Elasticity
        • Price Control and Dead-weight Loss
      • Market Failure
        • Market Failure: Definition, Causes and Examples
        • Public Goods: Meaning and Cause of Market Failure
        • Asymmetric Information: Meaning, Types and Market Failure
        • Principal-Agent Problem and Market Failure
        • Tragedy of the Commons
    • Macroeconomics
      • Difference between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
      • Inflation
        • Phillips Curve: Short run and Long run
        • Types of Inflation: Meaning, Causes and Consequences
        • Demand-Pull Inflation: Meaning, Causes and Examples
        • Cost-Push Inflation: Meaning, Causes and Examples
        • Stagflation: Meaning, Causes and Consequences
        • Deflation: Meaning, Causes and Consequences
        • Wholesale Price Index (WPI): Meaning and Significance
      • Monetary and Fiscal Policy
        • Monetary Policy: Meaning, Objectives and Types
        • Instruments of Monetary Policy: Types and Uses
        • Fiscal Policy: Meaning, Objectives and Types
        • Instruments of Fiscal Policy: Types and Uses
      • Consumption function
        • Absolute Income Hypothesis
        • Permanent Income Hypothesis
        • Relative Income Hypothesis
        • Life-cycle hypothesis: Ando and Modigliani
      • Investment
        • Accelerator Theory and its Process
        • Tobin’s Q Theory of Investment
    • Development Economics
      • Basic Ideas and Theories
        • Basic Theories
          • Low-Level Equilibrium Trap: Nelson
          • Three Core Values of Development
          • Vicious Circle of Poverty
          • Kuznets’ Inverted-U Hypothesis
          • Trickle-Down Economics
          • Dependency Theory of Development
          • Brain Drain
        • Gender Development Index: GDI
        • Gender Inequality Index: GII
        • Importance of Sustainable Development
        • Economic Imperialism: Causes & Consequences
        • Inclusive Development: Meaning and Features
        • Infrastructure Development: Need and Importance for Growth
        • Globalization: Advantages and Disadvantages
      • Structural Change
        • Lewis Model of Structural Change
        • Fei and Ranis Model of Structural Change
        • Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth
    • Indian Economy
      • Policies and Acts
        • New Economic Policy of 1991
        • Nationalisation of Banks in India
        • Planning in India: The Five-Year Plans
        • Demonetisation in India: Consequences
        • Competition Act 2002
        • MRTP Act 1969
        • FRBM Act 2003
        • SEBI Act 1992
      • Foreign Direct Investment in India
      • Green Revolution in India
      • Consumer Price Index in India (CPI): Role and Significance
      • Father of Green Revolution: M.S. Swaminathan
    • International Economics
      • Basic Terms
        • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Meaning and Importance
        • Multinational Corporations or MNCs: Role and Importance
        • Special Economic Zones or SEZs: Meaning and Types
        • Industrial Parks
        • Free Trade Zones or FTZs
        • Export Processing Zones or EPZs
      • Ideas and Theories
        • Mercantilism: Meaning, History and Examples
        • Absolute Advantage Theory of International Trade
        • Comparative Advantage Theory of International Trade
    • Statistics
      • Distributions
        • Normal Distribution
        • t-Distribution
        • F-distribution
        • Chi-square Distribution
        • Bernoulli Distribution
        • Binomial Distribution
        • Poisson Distribution
      • Sampling Methods
        • Sampling Methods: Overview
        • Probability Sampling Methods
          • Simple Random Sampling
          • Stratified Sampling
          • Cluster Sampling
          • Systematic Sampling
        • Non-Probability Sampling Methods
          • Purposive Sampling
          • Convenience Sampling
          • Quota Sampling
          • Snowball Sampling
      • Mann Whitney U Test: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
      • Kolmogorov Smirnov Test: KS Test
      • Shapiro Wilk Test for Normality
    • Famous Economists
      • Adam Smith: Father of Economics
      • David Ricardo: Contributions and Legacy
      • Alfred Marshall: Contributions to Economics
  • My Account
  • Schedule now!
  • Video Tutorials
    • Fixed and Random Effects Models
    • ARIMA And SARIMA Models
    • VECM: Video Tutorial Series
    • VAR Model and Impulse Response Functions (IRFs)
    • 3SLS Video Tutorial Series
    • 2SLS Video Tutorial Series
    • Bundle: 2SLS and 3SLS
    • Logit and Probit Model
    • Heteroscedasticity, Autocorrelation and Multicollinearity: Basics
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    • Econometrics
      • Time Series
        • Stationarity
          • Stationarity and Stationary Time Series
          • Random Walk Model and Stationarity
          • Autocorrelation function and Stationarity
          • Interpreting ACF and PACF plots
          • Dickey Fuller Test of Stationarity
          • ADF Test: Augmented Dickey Fuller Equation
          • Order of Integration of a time series
        • VAR and Cointegration
          • Vector Autoregression: VAR Model Specification
          • Cointegration: Meaning, Tests and Models
          • Vector Error Correction (VECM) and VAR: Theory
          • VECM Estimation and Interpretation
          • Impulse Response Functions after VAR and VECM
        • ARIMA Model Estimation and Model Selection
        • Seasonality and Seasonal-ARIMA models
      • Simultaneous Equation Models
        • Simultaneous Equation Bias
        • Identification: Rank and Order Conditions
        • Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) Estimation
        • Indirect Least Squares Estimation
        • 3SLS: Three-Stage Least Squares
        • Test of Endogeneity: Durbin-Wu-Hausman Test
        • Test of Overidentifying Restrictions: Sargan Test
      • Ordinary Least Squares
        • Ordinary Least Squares Estimation
        • Interpretation of Coefficients: OLS
        • Heteroscedasticity
          • Heteroscedasticity: Causes and Consequences
          • White Test for Heteroscedasticity
          • Breusch Pagan test for Heteroscedasticity
          • Goldfeld Quandt Test for Heteroscedasticity
          • Weighted Least Squares Estimation
        • Autocorrelation: Causes and Consequences
          • Durbin Watson Test for Autocorrelation
        • Multicollinearity: Detection and Solutions
      • Goodness of fit
        • R square and its drawback
        • Adjusted R Square and its application
        • Robust Standard Errors and OLS Standard Errors
        • Information Criteria (AIC/SIC) and Model Selection
        • Goodness-of-fit for Logit and Probit Models
        • VAR-VECM Goodness of fit
        • Ramsey’s RESET Test: Functional Form Misspecification
      • Panel Data
        • Panel Data: Meaning and Analysis Methods
        • Fixed Effects Model: LSDV Approach
        • Pooled OLS vs Fixed Effects Model: F-test
        • Random Effects Model: Assumptions and GLS Estimation
        • Lagrange Multiplier Test: testing for Random Effects
        • Wu-Hausman Test: Choosing between Fixed and Random Effects
      • Qualitative Response
        • Linear Probability Model (LPM): Meaning and Problems
        • Logit Model: Theory and Estimation
        • Probit Model: Theory and Estimation
      • Do it in Rstudio
        • OLS in Rstudio
        • Goodness of fit in Rstudio
        • ARIMA and SARIMA in Rstudio
        • VAR in R: Estimation, Goodness and IRFs
    • Microeconomics
      • Consumer Behaviour
        • Cardinal Utility Analysis and Law of Diminishing Returns
        • Indifference Curves and Ordinal Utility Analysis
        • Demand, Income-Consumption and Engel Curves
        • Income and Substitution Effects: Hicks and Slutsky Methods
        • Revealed Preference Theory
        • Choice under Uncertainty and Risk
      • Theory of Costs, Production and Producer Equilibrium
        • Production
          • Law of Variable Proportions: Short-run production
          • Isoquants and Returns to Scale: Long-run Production
          • Production Function: Definition and Types
          • Cobb Douglas Production Function
          • Technical Progress and Economic Zone of Production
        • Costs
          • Short-run Costs: Total, Average and Marginal Costs
          • Producer Equilibrium: Isoquants, Isocost line and Expansion
          • Long-run Costs and Economies of Scale
        • Multi-product firms and simultaneous equilibrium
          • Production Possibility Curve (PPC)
          • Multi-product Firm and Production Contract Curve
          • Simultaneous Equilibrium of Consumers and Producers
      • Demand and Supply
        • Law of Demand and Supply
        • Types of Elasticity and their Measurement
        • Market Equilibrium, Shifts and Role of Elasticity
        • Price Control and Dead-weight Loss
      • Market Failure
        • Market Failure: Definition, Causes and Examples
        • Public Goods: Meaning and Cause of Market Failure
        • Asymmetric Information: Meaning, Types and Market Failure
        • Principal-Agent Problem and Market Failure
        • Tragedy of the Commons
    • Macroeconomics
      • Difference between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
      • Inflation
        • Phillips Curve: Short run and Long run
        • Types of Inflation: Meaning, Causes and Consequences
        • Demand-Pull Inflation: Meaning, Causes and Examples
        • Cost-Push Inflation: Meaning, Causes and Examples
        • Stagflation: Meaning, Causes and Consequences
        • Deflation: Meaning, Causes and Consequences
        • Wholesale Price Index (WPI): Meaning and Significance
      • Monetary and Fiscal Policy
        • Monetary Policy: Meaning, Objectives and Types
        • Instruments of Monetary Policy: Types and Uses
        • Fiscal Policy: Meaning, Objectives and Types
        • Instruments of Fiscal Policy: Types and Uses
      • Consumption function
        • Absolute Income Hypothesis
        • Permanent Income Hypothesis
        • Relative Income Hypothesis
        • Life-cycle hypothesis: Ando and Modigliani
      • Investment
        • Accelerator Theory and its Process
        • Tobin’s Q Theory of Investment
    • Development Economics
      • Basic Ideas and Theories
        • Basic Theories
          • Low-Level Equilibrium Trap: Nelson
          • Three Core Values of Development
          • Vicious Circle of Poverty
          • Kuznets’ Inverted-U Hypothesis
          • Trickle-Down Economics
          • Dependency Theory of Development
          • Brain Drain
        • Gender Development Index: GDI
        • Gender Inequality Index: GII
        • Importance of Sustainable Development
        • Economic Imperialism: Causes & Consequences
        • Inclusive Development: Meaning and Features
        • Infrastructure Development: Need and Importance for Growth
        • Globalization: Advantages and Disadvantages
      • Structural Change
        • Lewis Model of Structural Change
        • Fei and Ranis Model of Structural Change
        • Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth
    • Indian Economy
      • Policies and Acts
        • New Economic Policy of 1991
        • Nationalisation of Banks in India
        • Planning in India: The Five-Year Plans
        • Demonetisation in India: Consequences
        • Competition Act 2002
        • MRTP Act 1969
        • FRBM Act 2003
        • SEBI Act 1992
      • Foreign Direct Investment in India
      • Green Revolution in India
      • Consumer Price Index in India (CPI): Role and Significance
      • Father of Green Revolution: M.S. Swaminathan
    • International Economics
      • Basic Terms
        • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Meaning and Importance
        • Multinational Corporations or MNCs: Role and Importance
        • Special Economic Zones or SEZs: Meaning and Types
        • Industrial Parks
        • Free Trade Zones or FTZs
        • Export Processing Zones or EPZs
      • Ideas and Theories
        • Mercantilism: Meaning, History and Examples
        • Absolute Advantage Theory of International Trade
        • Comparative Advantage Theory of International Trade
    • Statistics
      • Distributions
        • Normal Distribution
        • t-Distribution
        • F-distribution
        • Chi-square Distribution
        • Bernoulli Distribution
        • Binomial Distribution
        • Poisson Distribution
      • Sampling Methods
        • Sampling Methods: Overview
        • Probability Sampling Methods
          • Simple Random Sampling
          • Stratified Sampling
          • Cluster Sampling
          • Systematic Sampling
        • Non-Probability Sampling Methods
          • Purposive Sampling
          • Convenience Sampling
          • Quota Sampling
          • Snowball Sampling
      • Mann Whitney U Test: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
      • Kolmogorov Smirnov Test: KS Test
      • Shapiro Wilk Test for Normality
    • Famous Economists
      • Adam Smith: Father of Economics
      • David Ricardo: Contributions and Legacy
      • Alfred Marshall: Contributions to Economics
  • My Account
  • Schedule now!
  • Video Tutorials
    • Fixed and Random Effects Models
    • ARIMA And SARIMA Models
    • VECM: Video Tutorial Series
    • VAR Model and Impulse Response Functions (IRFs)
    • 3SLS Video Tutorial Series
    • 2SLS Video Tutorial Series
    • Bundle: 2SLS and 3SLS
    • Logit and Probit Model
    • Heteroscedasticity, Autocorrelation and Multicollinearity: Basics

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Provide load balancing functionality
Name
bscookie
Expiration
1 year
Function
Store logged in users

WhatsApp

Functional

Usage

We use WhatsApp for chat support. Read more

Sharing data

For more information, please read the WhatsApp Privacy Statement.

Functional

Name
wa_lang_pref
Expiration
6 days
Function
Store language settings
Name
wa_ul
Expiration
session
Function
Provide access

Elementor

Statistics (anonymous)

Usage

We use Elementor for content creation. Read more

Sharing data

This data is not shared with third parties.

Statistics (anonymous)

Name
elementor
Expiration
persistent
Function
Store performed actions on the website

IAB TCF

Functional

Usage

We use IAB TCF for advertising. Read more

Sharing data

For more information, please read the IAB TCF Privacy Statement.

Functional

Name
usprivacy
Expiration
various
Function
Store privacy preferences

Miscellaneous

Purpose pending investigation

Usage

Sharing data

Sharing of data is pending investigation

Purpose pending investigation

Name
__gads
Expiration
Function
Name
FCNEC
Expiration
Function
Name
wp_llms_session_*
Expiration
Function
Name
llms-llms_quiz-settings-group--default
Expiration
Function
Name
e_kit-elements-defaults
Expiration
Function
Name
m
Expiration
Function
m.stripe.com
Name
llms-llms_quiz-settings-group--layout
Expiration
Function
Name
WP_PREFERENCES_USER_1
Expiration
Function
Name
goog:cached:topics
Expiration
Function
Name
_gid
Expiration
Function
Name
cmplz_ac_string
Expiration
365 days
Function
Name
__cf_bm
Expiration
Function
.vimeo.com
Name
__lsv__
Expiration
Function
Name
_gcl_au
Expiration
Function
Name
woocommerce_items_in_cart
Expiration
Function
Name
woocommerce_cart_hash
Expiration
Function
Name
wc_cart_created
Expiration
Function
Name
test_cookie
Expiration
Function
.doubleclick.net
Name
rzp_device_id
Expiration
Function
Name
rzp_checkout_anon_id
Expiration
Function
Name
__gsas
Expiration
Function
Name
__eoi
Expiration
Function
Name
sbjs_migrations
Expiration
Function
Name
sbjs_current_add
Expiration
Function
Name
sbjs_first_add
Expiration
Function
Name
sbjs_current
Expiration
Function
Name
sbjs_first
Expiration
Function
Name
sbjs_udata
Expiration
Function
Name
sbjs_session
Expiration
Function
Name
wp_consent_statistics-anonymous
Expiration
Function
Name
wp_consent_preferences
Expiration
Function
Name
wp_consent_statistics
Expiration
Function
Name
wp_consent_marketing
Expiration
Function
Name
marketplace_redesign_2023_last_shown_date
Expiration
Function
Name
MCPopupClosed
Expiration
Function
Name
mailchimp_landing_site
Expiration
Function
Name
mailchimp_email_id
Expiration
Function
Name
_abck
Expiration
Function
.list-manage.com
Name
bm_sz
Expiration
Function
.list-manage.com
Name
general-data-store
Expiration
Function
Name
wp-autosave-1
Expiration
Function
Name
google_survey_fcap
Expiration
Function
Name
_grecaptcha
Expiration
Function
Name
storeApiCartHash
Expiration
Function
Name
storeApiCartData
Expiration
Function
Name
_gcl_ls
Expiration
Function
Name
adobeCleanFontAdded
Expiration
Function

7. Consent

When you visit our website for the first time, we will show you a pop-up with an explanation about cookies. As soon as you click on "Save preferences", you consent to us using the categories of cookies and plug-ins you selected in the pop-up, as described in this Cookie Policy. You can disable the use of cookies via your browser, but please note that our website may no longer work properly.

7.1 Manage your consent settings

You have loaded the Cookie Policy without javascript support. On AMP, you can use the manage consent button on the bottom of the page.

7.2 Vendors

The TCF vendorlist is not available when JavaScript is disabled, like on AMP.
Privacy Policy
Legal bases
Maximum cookie expiration:
  Session Storage {cookie_retention_days} Days {cookie_retention_seconds} Seconds
Non-cookie storage and access:
 Yes No
Cookie Refresh:
 Yes No
Categories:
{vendor_categories}
Purposes
{purposes}

These are the partners we share data with. By clicking into each partner, you can see which purposes they are requesting consent and/or which purposes they are claiming legitimate interest for.

You can provide or withdraw consent, and object to legitimate interest purposes for processing your personal data. However, please note that by disabling all data processing, some site functionality may be affected.

7.2.1 Consent

Below you can give and withdraw your consent on a per purpose basis.

Statistics

Marketing

7.2.2 Legitimate Interest

Some Vendors set purposes with legitimate interest, a legal basis under the GDPR for data processing. You have the "Right to Object" to this data processing and can do so below per purpose.

Statistics

Marketing

7.2.2 Special features and purposes

Special features

For some of the purposes we and/or our partners use below features.

Special purposes

We and/or our partners have a legitimate interest for the following two purposes:

Features

For some of the purposes above we and our partners

7.2.3 Vendors

8. Enabling/disabling and deleting cookies

You can use your internet browser to automatically or manually delete cookies. You can also specify that certain cookies may not be placed. Another option is to change the settings of your internet browser so that you receive a message each time a cookie is placed. For more information about these options, please refer to the instructions in the Help section of your browser.

Please note that our website may not work properly if all cookies are disabled. If you do delete the cookies in your browser, they will be placed again after your consent when you visit our website again.

9. Your rights with respect to personal data

You have the following rights with respect to your personal data:

  • You have the right to know why your personal data is needed, what will happen to it, and how long it will be retained for.
  • Right of access: You have the right to access your personal data that is known to us.
  • Right to rectification: you have the right to supplement, correct, have deleted or blocked your personal data whenever you wish.
  • If you give us your consent to process your data, you have the right to revoke that consent and to have your personal data deleted.
  • Right to transfer your data: you have the right to request all your personal data from the controller and transfer it in its entirety to another controller.
  • Right to object: you may object to the processing of your data. We comply with this, unless there are justified grounds for processing.

To exercise these rights, please contact us. Please refer to the contact details at the bottom of this Cookie Policy. If you have a complaint about how we handle your data, we would like to hear from you, but you also have the right to submit a complaint to the supervisory authority (the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)).

10. Contact details

For questions and/or comments about our Cookie Policy and this statement, please contact us by using the following contact details:

Spur Economics
38, Phase 2, Model Town, Bathinda, Punjab, India (151001)
India
Website: https://spureconomics.com
Email: contact@ex.comspureconomics.com
Phone number: +91 8360172436

This Cookie Policy was synchronised with cookiedatabase.org on May 8, 2025.

  • Terms and Conditions
  • Cancellation/Refund Policy
  • Privacy Statement
  • Disclaimer
  • Contact
© Copyright 2022-2025 Viren Singh Rehal
SPUR ECONOMICS
Manage your privacy

To provide the best experiences, we and our partners use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us and our partners to process personal data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site and show (non-) personalized ads. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.

Click below to consent to the above or make granular choices. Your choices will be applied to this site only. You can change your settings at any time, including withdrawing your consent, by using the toggles on the Cookie Policy, or by clicking on the manage consent button at the bottom of the screen.

Functional Always active
The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.
Preferences
The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.
Statistics
The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.
Marketing
The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.
Statistics

Marketing

Features
Always active

Always active
Manage options Manage services Manage {vendor_count} vendors Read more about these purposes
Manage options
{title} {title} {title}
SPUR ECONOMICS
Manage your privacy
To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.
Functional Always active
The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.
Preferences
The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.
Statistics
The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.
Marketing
The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.
Statistics

Marketing

Features
Always active

Always active
Manage options Manage services Manage {vendor_count} vendors Read more about these purposes
Manage options
{title} {title} {title}
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×

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