The Augmented Dickey Fuller or ADF Test of stationarity is a unit root based test. It attempts to overcome the shortcomings of the original Dickey Fuller test. Researchers often observed…
If a non-stationary time series has to be differenced “d” times to make it stationary, that time series is integrated of order "d". In other words, the order of integration…
The Dickey Fuller Test is a unit root based test of stationarity. The unit root based tests focus on the coefficient associated with the first lag of the time series…
The ACF or Autocorrelation Function is one of the most widely used methods to check for stationarity of a time series. Moreover, it also gives valuable insights into the autoregressive…
The Random Walk Model is an example of a non-stationary time series. This model is often used to discuss as well as illustrate the concepts of stationarity, unit root process…
A time series is said to be stationary if its characteristics do not change with time. Moreover, a stationary time series can be identified as strictly stationary or weak stationary.…
